Oh no.
Downfall, Inception, Meltdown, Spectre, I hate to see new vulnerabilities, but their naming choices are solid.
They should name them after their investors and board members.
Gelsinger, McKeon, and Lavender do have a nice ring to them.
Sounds like Bond movies.
Imagine a bug in the ALU when adding two octal values - Octoplussy
Or a bug in a specific Intel generation - Skylakefall
All four of those names are movies. Only one is a Bond movie, though.
can’t wait for “shellshock”, “wildfire” and “collapse”.
Shellshock happened I’m 2014 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shellshock_(software_bug)
oh lol
Intel claims most consumer software shouldn’t see much impact, outside of image and video editing workloads…
But that’s, like the one place other than games where consumers are looking for performance. What’s left, web browsing and MS Office?
"whew* my horrible bubble sort implementation is safe from performance impacts
May I suggest using miracle sort instead? It has the most stable performance of all.
I just skimmed through the article and it seems like this vulnerability is only really meaningful on multi-user systems. It allows one user to access memory dedicated to other users, letting them read stuff they shouldn’t. I would expect that most consumer gaming computers are single-user machines, or only have user accounts for trusted family members and whatnot, so if this mitigation causes too much of a performance hit I expect it won’t be a big risk to turn it off for those particular computers.
Would it mean that a malicious application being run in non-admin mode by one user could see data/memory in use by an admin user?
It would indeed imply that which is why this vulnerability is also serious for single user contexts.
The vulnerability is caused by memory optimization features in Intel processors that unintentionally reveal internal hardware registers to software. This allows untrusted software to access data stored by other programs, which should not normally be accessible.
deleted by creator
This
All these kind of CPU level vulnerabilities are the same, they are only really “risky” if there is malicious software running in the computer in the first place.
The real problem is that these CPU-level vulnerabilities all break one of the core concepts of computers, which is process separation and virtual memory. If process separation is broken then all other levels of security become pointless.
While for desktops this isn’t a huge problem (except when sometimes vulnerabilities might even be able to be exploited though browsers), this is a huge problem for servers, where the modern cloud usually has multiple users in virtual machines in a single server and a malicious user could steal information across virtual machines.
Your first paragraph isn’t quite right.
Modern hacks/cracks aren’t a “do this and suddenly you are in” type deal.
It’s a cascade chain of failures of non-malicious software.
Saying “don’t have a virus” is absolutely correct, however that’s not the concern here.
The concern is about the broadening of the attack surface.A hacker gets minor access to a system. Leverages some CVE to get a bit more access, and keeps poking around and trying CVEs (known or unknown) until they get enough access to run this CVE.
And then they can escape the VM onto the host or other VMs on the same system, which might then give them access to a VM on another host, and they can escape that VM to get access to another VM, and on and on.Very quickly, there is a fleet of VMs that are compromised. And the only sign of someone poking around is on the first VM the hacker broke into.
All other VMs would be accessed using trusted credentials.ETA:
Infact, it doesn’t even need to be a hacker.
It could be someone uploading a CI/CD task using their own account. It extracts all API keys, usernames and passwords it can find.
Suddenly, you have access to a whole bunch of repositories and APIs.
Then you can sneak in some malicious code to the git repo, and suddenly your malicious code is being shipped within legit software that gets properly signed and everything.deleted by creator
It allows memory access across virtual machines as well, meaning the all cloud VMs are vulnerable.
The machines that are running cloud VMs should obviously be patched. I wasn’t talking about those.
Disagree. For non-security conscious users who install that helper tool or plugin for their game, it can now read bank credentials from the browser.
If you’re a non-security-conscious user installing malicious software on your computer then I don’t think there’s much that could help you.
But these are the people we (the security community) should be helping. If we don’t help those who don’t have the skills to help themselves, scammers have a large target and keep on scamming. We are not a target.
Granted, this post isn’t necessarily about that, but they’ll be the one’s targeted regardless. Sometimes the best way to reduce the attack vector is about people, not software.
this vulnerability is only really meaningful on multi-user systems
Well, that says it all. CPU manufacturers have no incentive at all to secure the computations of multiple users on a single CPU (or cores on the same die)… why would they? They make more cash if everyone has to buy their own complete unit, and they can outsource security issues to ‘the network’ or ‘the cloud’…
Years ago when I was in University this would have been a deathblow to the entire product line, as multi-user systems were the norm. Students logged into the same machines to do their assignments, employees logged into the same company servers for daily tasks.
I guess that isn’t such a thing any more. But wow, what a sh*tshow modern CPU architecture has become, if concern for performance has completely overridden proper process isolation and security. We can’t even trust that a few different users on the same machine can be separated properly due to the design of the CPU itself?
I’m not happy with what’s happening and I know that corporations are money making evil machines.
But to say that chip makers have no incentive at all to secure their hardware is quite the hyperbole.
Fair enough, probably was hyperbole :) But performance does seem to be a higher priority than security; they can always spin PR after the next exploit, after all, users already have the CPU in their system, they’ve made their money; what are users really gonna do if an issue comes up after they’ve bought their box?
What they will do is not buy from that company again.
Are you aware that the majority of cpus sold today go to cloud computing? Believe it or not, but that is an application space with multiple users on the same machine.
Good point. But I think performance is still a greater priority for those who make purchasing decisions, rather than basic security, and that’s the problem.
Not at the enterprise level.
Security means compliance, which means getting/keeping contracts and not getting sued.
And they care more about performance-per-watt and density.
Processor manufacturers target their devices and sales towards cloud computing so they have a huge incentive to avoid having issues like these. It’s ridiculous to suggest otherwise.
I see the reasoning, fair enough. Just grumpy this evening I suppose :p.
You’re reading an awful lot into what I said that wasn’t put in there.
There’s nothing wrong with multi-user systems existing, there’s plenty of use for such things. This bug is really bad for those sorts of things. I was explicitly and specifically talking about consumer gaming computers, which are generally single-user machines. Concern for performance is a very real and normal thing on a gaming computer, it’s not some kind of weird plot. An actual multi-user system would obviously need to be patched.
I am so incredibly happy that those terrible multi-user systems are a thing of the past. Multiple seconds wait time for every mouse click are no fun.
It’s not they aren’t impacted only you “don’t see the impact” as noticeably.
As a programmer: compile times
Install backdoors and sell that info to governments and companies, then years later reveal the issue to justify downgrading performance of older CPUs to encourage people to upgrade.
This does sound like planned obsolescence to me…
Oop CPU sales are down! Leak one of our critical flaws to force people to upgrade!
Anti virus companies has also been caught making viruses.
A lot of shady shit happens when there is money and power to be had.
I heard that rumor before, is there any source to this? Like, which antivirus companies?
I haven’t found any evidence of this, but that’s to be expected… How would that evidence look like even.
But there has always been rumors of this. And since there is money involved… I think it’s not unlikely.
The argument against this is always “there are so many viruses, antivirus companies can’t create them all”. And nobody is saying that. It’s enough to create one high profile virus and you will sell your anti virus software very easily.
But I think it was more common in the past. Today all companies will buy anti virus software, so it’s guaranteed sales.
If there is no evidence then stop spreading misinformation.
You said they were caught doing it, though.
Yeah I remember some company was but I can’t find it anymore. Web has been scrubbed… It was a long time ago now.
Web has been scrubbed…
lol
That’s right… Zuckerberg and Bezos have a scrub team they send around once a quarter to keep the internet shiny…
Corrected Bezos, it’s a z.
This isn’t /r/conspiracy, that shit won’t fly here.
According to him, billions of Intel processors are affected, which are used in private user computers as well as in cloud servers.
Update: Intel’s Downfall was closely followed by AMD’s Inception, a newfound security hole affecting all Ryzen and Epyc processors.so both desktop and server chips are affected on both cpu manufacturers products. can’t take any measures if your password is online on some server.
I was going to say, AMD had a flaw of similar severity. And they won’t have a fix for a few months for most affected CPUs, and that fix will likely incur a loss in performance.
Basically it sounds like both of these flaws are due to the security chip. I can’t help but feel like these flaws are by design. /tinfoil
Downfall was disclosed to Intel a year ago but was on embargo until this week. Can’t help but suspect that Intel waited for AMD to be impacted by a similar event to reveal downfall
From what I’m reading, Inception is a pretty minor vulnerability, especially compared to downfall.
If you get caught we’ve never met.
Good supplier for an offline supercluster 😄 I’ll let my grant manager know.
Every article is a copy paste of the same bullshit talking about the vulnerability and pointing to the stupid cryptic list of processors that requires you to jump through hoops to read it. You can’t just search for your processor in a database I mean fuck that would take them at least an a couple hours of their precious time to set up and they have only had a year. How do you fix it? Why with a microcode update of course!!..from where you ask? Well don’t worry just look at the cryptic list it will tell you if you need a microcode update!!
Fuck every article about this shit. Anyone wanna bust an Eli5 on how to fix this problem for people? (I was assuming it’s a BIOS update but the articles have only confused me further)
ELI5, or ELIAFYCSS (Explain like I’m a first year CS student): modern x86 CPUs have lots of optimized instructions for specific functionality. One of these is “vector instructions”, where the instruction is optimized for running the same function (e.g. matrix multiply add) on lots of data (e.g. 32 rows or 512 rows). These instructions were slowly added over time, so there are multiple “sets” of vector instructions like MMX, AVX, AVX-2, AVX-512, AMX…
While the names all sound different, the way how all these vector instructions work is similar: they store internal state in hidden registers that the programmer cannot access. So to the user (application programmer or compiler designer) it looks like a simple function that does what you need without having to micromanage registers. Neat, right?
Well, problem is somewhere along the lines someone found a bug: when using instructions from the AVX-2/AVX-512 sets, if you combine it with an incorrect ordering of branch instructions (aka JX, basically the if/else of assembly) you get to see what’s inside these hidden registers, including from different programs. Oops. So Charlie’s “Up, Up, Down, Down, Left, Right, Left, Right, B, B, A, A” using AVX/JX allows him to see what Alice’s “encrypt this zip file with this password” program is doing. Uh oh.
So, that sounds bad. But lets take a step back: how bad would this affect existing consumer devices (e.g. Non-Xeon, non-Epyc CPUs)?
Well good news: AVX-512 is not available on most Intel/AMD consumer CPUs until recently (13th gen/zen 4, and zen 4 isn’t affected). So 1) your CPU most likely doesn’t support it and 2) even if your CPU supports it most pre-compiled programs won’t use it because the program would crash on everyone else’s computer that doesn’t have AVX-512. AVX-512 is a non-issue unless you’re running Finite Element Analysis programs (LS-DYNA) for fun.
AVX-2 has a similar problem: while released in 2013, some low end CPUs (e.g. Intel Atom) didn’t have them for a long time (this year I think?). So most compiled programs wouldn’t compile with AVX-2 enabled. This means whatever game you are running now, you probably won’t see a performance drop after patching since your computer/program was never using the optimized vector instructions in the first place.
So, the affect on consumer devices is minimal. But what do you need to do to ensure that your PC is secure?
Three different ideas off the top of my head:
-
BIOS update. The CPU has a some low level firmware code called microcode which is included in the BIOS. The new patched version adds additional checks to ensure no data is leaked.
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Update the microcode package in Linux. The microcode can also be loaded from the OS. If you have an up-to-date version of Intel-microcode here this would achieve the same as (1)
-
Re-compile everything without AVX-2/AVX-512. If you’re running something like Gentoo, you can simply tell GCC to not use AVX-2/AVX-512 regardless of whether your CPU supports it. As mentioned earlier the performance loss is probably going to be fine unless you’re doing some serious math (FEA/AI/etc) on your machine.
-
You can’t just search for your processor in a database I mean fuck that would take them at least an a couple hours of their precious time to set up and they have only had a year. How do you fix it?
This page tells you how to get your CPUID: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/support/articles/000006831/processors/processor-utilities-and-programs.html
Then search for the CPUID here: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/topic-technology/software-security-guidance/processors-affected-consolidated-product-cpu-model.html
I figured out how to do it fairly quickly but it would be a hell of a lot easier if people could just type in “11700K” in a box on a web page or something and it could just tell them. Or they could have added a little bit of code to their CPU ID utility that says “yupp your processor is effected by the flaw”. I am mostly annoyed at all this not for me but for all the people who would read those pages and the contents would seem like an insane foreign language to them all while articles are telling them it’s a major security flaw that would allow people to steal their encryption keys.
. Or they could have added a little bit of code to their CPU ID utility that says “yupp your processor is effected by the flaw”.
That is a fair point.
Are you using Windows or macOS? If so you don’t have to do anything. You can just wait and a new update will be available to you soon.
And, just FYI, the fix is already out for Linux.
It’ll probably just be something that happens through ordinary OS updates tbh (though I understand you’d rather know one way or another.)
I just found this on the page where they list effected models:
“Note The latest software can be obtained through operating system or VMM vendors”
This vulnerability, identified as CVE-2022-40982, enables a user to access and steal data from other users who share the same computer.
So just continue not letting people use my computer, got it. Very simple fix.
Shared use of servers is probably the main issue
It appears that users in this case include agents such as software. A bit confusing for the general public.
For instance, a malicious app obtained from an app store could use the Downfall attack to steal sensitive information like passwords, encryption keys, and private data such as banking details, personal emails, and messages.
It can theoretically even be exploited via a browser:
[Q] What about web browsers?
[A] In theory, remotely exploiting this vulnerability from the web browser is possible. In practice, demonstrating successful attacks via web browsers requires additional research and engineering efforts.
I think it also means software running can access other software’s memory which is probably bad but personally I’m not keen for that performance hit on my desktop
/tinfoilhat
I admittedly stopped reading halfway through but I feel like these newest vulnerabilities being discovered are probably just fucking government back doors the manufacturers have been forced to include.
/tinfoilhat
I can’t comment on the general trend, but this specific one seems a bit too circumstantial to be of use for a serious spying effort. You’d have to have the spyware running parallel to the apps usong passwords you want to steal in a specific way.
The risk exists, which is bad enough for stochastic reasons (eventually, someone will get lucky and manage to grab something sensitive, and since the potential damage from that is incalculable, the impact axis alone drives this into firm "you need to get that fix out asap), but probably irrelevant in terms of consistency, which would be what you’d need to actually monitor anyone.
If you manage to grab enough info to crack some financial access data, you can steal money. If you can take over some legit online account or obtain some email-password combo, you can sell it. But if you want to monitor what people are doing in otherwise private systems, you need some way to either check on demand or log their actions and periodically send them to your server.
It would be far more reliable to have injection backdoors to allow you access by virtue of forcing a credential check to come up valid than to hope for the lucky grab of credentials the user might change at an arbitrary moment in time.
Check out the documentary Zero Days (2016) if you haven’t already. That’s not really a tinfoil hat take these days IMO.
Just means they have to intentionally create new ones to be eventually found for the next generation.
On the plus side now we can steal the info from the criminal’s computers. The cycle of internet life…
They really should be recalled like they were forced to when the fdiv bug happened https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentium_FDIV_bug
> Downfall
Is the Intel CEO holed up in a bunker and raging at his chip designers?
If it’s anything like the industry that I work in, the CEO would have been informed of the short comings of the design numerous times and given a response along the lines of “does it make our CPUs faster and more powerful though?”.
The CEO won’t be pissed of at his chip designer, they’ll be pissed because they’ve been caught out.
Given that the AMD vulnerability was called “Inception,” maybe they just like using movie titles to name CPU vulnerabilities?
Jokes on them. I’m already watched by criminals and am used to companies throttling products.
Intel’s newer 12th-gen and 13th-gen Core processors are not affected.
Oh ok
Isn’t that convenient?
Upgrade to get 3% performance gains on paper and no noticeable real performance gain!
*cries in 11th gen laptop*
List of processors without redirect referrer: https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/topic-technology/software-security-guidance/processors-affected-consolidated-product-cpu-model.html
Here we go again…
I’m curious if there’s a silver lining of all current DRM keys being accessible through this.
