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Given a bit of lead time, I believe the slower ship may avoid capture if there are any sort of obstacles like an island or rocks.
However, if we’re talking perfectly flat ocean with no time limit, no obstacles and pefect decision making: I’m guessing the faster ship eventually catches up, as turning from far away doesn’t slow your persuer much.
My old coworker used to say this all the time back around 2018:
"What’s the difference between AI and machine learning?
Machine learning is done in Python. AI is done in PowerPoint."